Algeria–UAE Break: Algeria cut diplomatic ties with the UAE and ordered the UAE ambassador out within 48 hours, also restricting UAE-registered aircraft from Algerian airspace (commercial flights exempted until end-2026), citing “provocative and hostile” actions without naming a specific trigger—an escalation that underlines how Western Sahara and wider regional alignments are reshaping North Africa’s business and security environment. Spain–Western Sahara Citizenship: Spain’s parliament backed citizenship for Western Saharans born in the territory, a move that could affect over 100,000 people and comes amid renewed political friction with Morocco after the Ceuta migrant crisis. Ceuta Migration Fallout: Morocco rejected claims of involvement in the July surge into Ceuta, while Spain and the EU moved to manage the crisis—EU emergency funding of €114.7m for Ceuta includes border surveillance, protection, and support for returns and unaccompanied minors. Water & Infrastructure in Laayoune: Morocco is planning a third desalination unit for Laayoune, targeting a total capacity of about 900 litres per second to strengthen drinking-water security in the southern provinces. Tindouf Funding Debate: Morocco urged UNHCR to shift from long-term “maintenance” spending in Tindouf camps toward durable solutions, arguing that recent funding has not translated into improved self-reliance. Western Sahara Diplomacy: Greece reaffirmed support for Morocco’s Autonomy Plan as a credible basis for UN-led negotiations, adding to the growing international backing Morocco cites.